Patients in Bahrain who underwent operations in India or Pakistan in the last six months could be at risk from a deadly superbug, which appears to be going global, said Bahrain's Health Ministry officials.

NDM-1 has already spread from India to the UK, partly due to medical tourism, a report said earlier. However India has vehemently denied this.

Similar infections have been seen in the US, Canada, Australia and the Netherlands, with infections being passed from patient to patient in UK hospitals, according to the BBC.

Health Ministry officials in Bahrain said no cases of the superbug, which is resistant to the strongest antibiotics, had been reported here.

However, they are identifying high risk groups - especially patients who underwent surgical procedures in India or Pakistan in the last six months.

'We are aware of the problem and we are practising the international guidelines for controlling the spread of such kind of micro-organisms,' said Health Ministry infection control steering committee head and infectious disease consultant Dr Jameela Al Salman.

'We are worried about this bug because it's resistant to all strong antibiotics - we have one antibiotic that might help but it might not, so there is a risk the patient could die.'

NDM-1 is the abbreviated name of the newly-identified enzyme New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase, which makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of antibiotics.

This includes antibiotics of the carbapenem family that were a mainstay for the treatment of other antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Bacteria that carry such genes are often referred to as 'suberbugs', since infections are very hard to treat.

'There are no specific symptoms of the new superbug because they are related to where the infection is, for example if it is in urine, the patient will have symptoms of a urinary infection,' said Dr Al Salman.

'Superbugs are mainly seen in hospitals, but more cases are being found in the community because of the abuse of antibiotics. They can be easily transmitted by just being in contact with a person who has the bug.'

Dr Al Salman said the main way to control the spread of the superbug was through proper infection control measures.

'This requires us to identify the suspected cases as soon as possible and isolate them, practise good hand hygiene and the best cleaning standards inside the health facility - in addition to the proper use of personal protective equipment,' she said.

'Healthcare workers and patients have a major role in decreasing the impact of this problem by being informed and practising the best infection control measures and hand hygiene, in addition to the proper use of antibiotics.'

Dr Al Salman said superbugs had increased over the past 10 years mainly due to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, as well as patients not taking the proper dose or duration of antibiotics.

The Health Ministry plans to tackle the problem by launching a campaign later this year to raise awareness about the dangers of misusing antibiotics, including lectures and other activities.

'Many patients have viral diseases, but they still take antibiotics which are not needed,' said Dr Al Salman. 'It shouldn't be like this, they should go to their physician and get a prescription if needed. Here people buy medicines over the counter, but in the US and UK you can't get antibiotics so easily.

'More superbugs are coming so we must be very careful,” Dr Al Salman added.

NDM-1 was first identified in December 2009 in a patient who was admitted to a hospital in New Delhi. It has since been detected in bacteria in India, Pakistan, the UK and US. – TradeArabia News Service