Fed bets big in new push to rescue US economy
Washington, September 14, 2012
The Federal Reserve launched another aggressive stimulus program on Thursday, saying it would pump $40 billion into the US economy each month until it saw a sustained upturn in the weak jobs market.
The central bank's decision to tie its controversial bond buying directly to economic conditions was an unprecedented step that marked a big escalation in its efforts to drive US unemployment lower. Stock prices jumped, while gold hit a six-month high as investors braced for fast er i nf lation.
Unlike in its two previous bond-buying sprees, the Fed said it would only purchase mortgage-backed s ecurities, hoping in part to unstick a housing sector that Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke called "a missing piston" in the US recovery.
One top Republican charged that the move was a bid to help President Barack Obama ahead of November's closely contested presidential election. Republican nominee Mitt Romney's campaign said it confirmed the failure of Obama's policies.
Bernanke dismissed talk the Fed was taking sides, saying it acted solely because of the dire state of the US labor market.
"The employment situation ... remains a grave concern," Bernanke told reporters. "While the economy appears to be on a path of moderate recovery, it isn't growing fast enough to make significant progress reducing the unemployment rate."
By buying mortgage-linked debt, the Fed hopes to press mortgage rates lower, helping the housing market and also encouraging investors in MBS to switch into other assets, s uch as corporate bonds, lowering their yields as well.
Those lower borrowing costs should spur more lending and foster faster economic growth, officials believe. US growth cooled in the second quarter to a tepid 1.7 percent annual rate, and forecasters do not think the economy is exp anding muc h fast er, although it is faring better than many other developed economies.
In August, the US created just 96,000 jobs, less than needed to keep up with population growth. While the unemployment rate edged down to 8.1 percent, it was only because many Americans gave up on the search for work.
Businesses have held the line on hiring and put investment plans on hold out of concern Europe's debt crisis and the so-called US fiscal cliff of scheduled tax hikes and government spending cuts could derail the economy, economists say.
In an additional move, the Fed said it was not likely to raise overnight interest rates from their current near-zero level until at least mid-2015, a shift from its previous late-2014 guidance. To underscore its resolve, it said it would pursue an easy monetary policy "for a considerable time" even after the economy strengthened.
"If the outlook for the labor market does not improve substantially, the committee will continue its purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities, undertake additional asset purchases, and employ its other policy tools as appropriate until such improvement is achieved in a context of price stability," the Fed said in a statement.
Asked repeatedly during a post-decision news conference to amplify on that pledge, Bernanke said the Fed wanted to see a convincing improvement in the economy that could deliver sustainable job creation and a gradual decline in unemployment.
"There's not a specific number we have in mind, but what we have seen in the last six months isn't it," he said.
US stocks shot higher on the Fed's move, with the S&P 500 closing at its highest level since December 2007 and the Dow Jones industrial average adding more than 200 points.
Stocks had already been supported by expectations the Fed would act and an aggressive plan by the European Central Bank to tackle the debt crisis there.
Stephen Stanley, an economist at Pierpont Securities in Stamford, Connecticut, said that by tying its purchases to progress reducing US unemployment, the Fed had "basically locked on the handcuffs and swallowed the key."
Economists said the Fed could eventually buy more than $1 trillion in debt given the open-ended nature of its new policy. Capital Economics estimated purchases could top $1.4 trillion.
The plan fueled some nervousness in financial markets over the potential for inflation, even though the Fed would pull back on its buying if the economy strengthened. Bernanke stated explicitly that pushing up prices was not the Fed's intention.
The price of gold, a traditional inflation safe haven, hit a six month high, while oil also gained on expectations investors would pile into riskier assets such as commodities and equities.
Prices for most US Treasury debt rose, although the 30-year bond fell, reflecting both disappointment that government debt was not on the Fed's purchase list and inflation worries.
The decision comes in the face of widespread questions about the likely effectiveness of a further foray into unorthodox monetary policy, including from Romney. The Fed has already bought $2.3 trillion in US government and housing-related debt it two rounds of so-called quantitative easing.
Those programs, dubbed QE1 and QE2, bought bonds at a pace c loser to around $100 billion per month.
Bernanke said the Fed's new policy would not be a panacea, and that the central bank would be unable to fully protect the recovery if Congress and the White House could not agree on a plan to avoid the fiscal cliff -- the $500 billion or so in expiring tax cuts and government spending reductions set to take hold at the start of next year.
But he argued that the Fed's efforts could help. - Reuters
